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Michel Foucault - Vigilar y Castigar - Parte 2: CASTIGO
🇬🇧 ## Summary of "Vigilar y Castigar" - Chapters 3 and 4 📖 ### Key Themes 🔍 #### 1. Transformation of Punishment 🔨 - In the period between 1750-1830, public torture (suplicio) begins to disappear - The focus shifts from public humiliation to more subtle forms of punishment - The goal is not to punish less, but to "punish better" #### 2. New Punishment Philosophy 💡 - Punishment is no longer about vengeance for the sovereign - It becomes a social contract issue where the criminal betrays society - The aim is to prevent future crimes and discourage potential imitators #### 3. Key Principles of New Punishment 📜 - Minimum quantity of punishment - Punishment targeting the spirit, not the body - Lateral effects of punishment - Absolute certainty of consequences - Common truth approach - Optimal specification #### 4. Emergence of Prison 🏢 - Prison was not initially the primary method of punishment - Reformers were critical of uniform imprisonment - Prison becomes a place of rehabilitation and social reintegration ### Significant Observations 🧐 - Punishment becomes more about controlling and disciplining society - The focus shifts from physical torture to psychological correction - Punishment aims to create "docile bodies" and new subjectivities - The prison system emerges almost contrary to reformers' initial intentions ### Conclusion 🌟 The transformation of punishment represents a fundamental shift in social control, moving from public spectacle to subtle, pervasive mechanisms of discipline.
Michel Foucault - Vigilar y Castigar - Parte 1: SUPLICIO
🔍 This video is a summary and analysis of the first two chapters of Michel Foucault's classic work "Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison". The key points covered are: 1. The chapter "The Body of the Condemned" examines the public spectacle of torture and execution in the pre-Revolutionary French justice system. Foucault describes in graphic detail the 1757 execution of Damiens the regicide, where his body was torn apart by horses. This exemplifies the brutality and public humiliation of the "supplice" (punishment) at that time. 2. In contrast, Foucault then discusses the 1791 French penal code which mandated a quick, painless execution by guillotine. This represented a shift away from public torture towards a more "humane" form of capital punishment, though the spectacle of execution remained. 3. Foucault argues this transition was not driven by humanitarian concerns, but by the state's desire to maintain control and avoid the risk of the public spectacle turning against the authorities. The supplice risked generating sympathy for the condemned rather than fear of the sovereign's power. 4. The chapter "The Spectacle of the Scaffold" further explores how the public ritual of punishment began to be seen as problematic, as it could be "inverted" by the very people it was meant to terrorize. Crowds would gather to jeer at the executioner and express defiance against the state. 5. Foucault highlights how this led to a shift towards more hidden, disciplinary forms of punishment, with the rise of the prison system. The focus moved from the condemned body to the "soul" - controlling the individual through constant surveillance and normalization rather than public torture. 6. Overall, these chapters trace the transformation of the penal system, from public spectacles of torture to the emergence of the modern prison - a shift that was driven more by concerns about power and control than by humanitarian impulses. 🔑 The key ideas are Foucault's analysis of the transition from public "supplice" to more hidden, disciplinary forms of punishment, and his argument that this was fundamentally about the exercise of power by the state, rather than simply humanitarian reform.